Snapshots & Instant Clones

Snapshots and instant clones are at the core of how CiderStack enables fast, safe, and repeatable macOS environments. They allow you to experiment freely, recover instantly, and create multiple ident

Snapshots

A snapshot is a point-in-time capture of a virtual machine’s disk state.

When a snapshot is created, CiderStack records the exact state of the VM at that moment, including:

  • Installed applications

  • System configuration

  • File system contents

  • macOS version and updates

Snapshots make it possible to return a VM to a known-good state at any time.


Common snapshot use cases

Snapshots are ideal for:

  • Capturing a clean macOS installation

  • Saving a pre-MDM enrollment state

  • Preserving a known-working build environment

  • Testing software without permanent risk

  • Rolling back failed updates instantly

You can create as many snapshots as needed for a VM.


How snapshots work

CiderStack snapshots are powered by APFS copy-on-write technology.

This means:

  • Snapshots are created almost instantly

  • No full disk copy is performed

  • Only changed data consumes additional storage

Because APFS tracks changes at the block level, snapshots remain fast even for large disk images.


Restoring a snapshot

Restoring a snapshot reverts the VM’s disk to the exact state captured.

After restoration:

  • All changes made after the snapshot are discarded

  • The VM boots exactly as it did when the snapshot was taken

This operation completes in seconds, regardless of disk size.


Instant clones

An instant clone is a new virtual machine created from a snapshot.

Instead of copying the entire disk, CiderStack creates a new VM that shares the snapshot’s data using APFS copy-on-write.

This allows clones to be created almost immediately.


What makes clones instant

Because clones reference the same underlying snapshot:

  • Creation takes seconds

  • No large disk duplication occurs

  • Storage is shared until changes are written

Each clone becomes independent the moment it begins modifying data.


Clone use cases

Instant clones are commonly used for:

  • CI/CD runner pools

  • Parallel test environments

  • Reproducing bugs across identical systems

  • Spinning up temporary developer machines

  • Testing macOS betas safely

A single base VM can produce dozens of clones with minimal disk overhead.


Example workflow

A typical workflow might look like:

  1. Create a clean macOS VM

  2. Install required tools (Xcode, SDKs, certificates)

  3. Create a snapshot named clean-base

  4. Create instant clones from that snapshot

  5. Destroy clones when finished

The base VM remains untouched and reusable.


Storage efficiency

Snapshots and clones are extremely space-efficient.

Only modified data consumes additional storage.

This enables:

  • Large VM fleets on limited SSD space

  • Rapid environment creation

  • High-density CI runner hosts

Disk usage grows only as changes are introduced.


Snapshot hierarchy

Snapshots form a tree structure:

  • A snapshot may have multiple child snapshots

  • Clones may themselves be snapshotted

  • Restores do not delete snapshot history

This allows advanced workflows such as:

  • Branching environments

  • Multi-stage testing pipelines

  • Versioned VM states


Performance impact

Snapshots and clones have minimal performance overhead.

Because APFS operates at the filesystem layer:

  • Read performance remains near native speed

  • Writes occur only for changed blocks

  • No background copy operations are required

VM performance remains consistent even with many snapshots present.


Best practices

To get the most from snapshots and clones:

  • Keep a clean base snapshot before major changes

  • Name snapshots clearly (e.g. xcode-15-clean)

  • Periodically delete unused snapshots

  • Use clones for temporary workloads

  • Avoid installing tools directly on clone VMs you plan to discard


Summary

Feature
Description

Snapshot

Point-in-time VM disk state

Restore

Revert VM to snapshot

Instant clone

VM created from snapshot

Storage

Copy-on-write via APFS

Speed

Seconds, regardless of size

Ideal for

CI, testing, experimentation


What’s next

Now that you understand snapshots and clones, you can explore:

  • Images & Registries

  • Shared Folders

  • Networking

  • Fleet Manager

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